Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment designed to act on specific molecules or biological changes that help cancer cells grow and survive. Unlike some treatments that affect many rapidly dividing cells, targeted medicines are developed to focus on particular features of cancer cells.
How Targeted Therapy Works
Cancer cells can contain genetic or molecular changes that help them multiply or avoid normal cell controls. Targeted therapies may block these changes, interfere with signals that promote cancer growth, or help the immune system identify cancer cells.
Types of Targeted Therapy
Different targeted medicines work in different ways. Some block proteins involved in cancer growth, while others interfere with blood vessel formation that tumors may need to grow. Monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule drugs are two broad categories of targeted treatments.
The Role of Genetic Testing
Doctors may test tumor tissue or other samples to identify specific molecular changes. These results can help determine whether a patient may benefit from a particular targeted medicine.
Possible Side Effects
Side effects vary depending on the drug and the person receiving treatment. They may include skin changes, diarrhea, fatigue, high blood pressure, or problems affecting certain organs. Healthcare teams monitor patients during therapy.
Final Thoughts
Targeted therapy has become an important part of treatment for several cancers. Because these medicines work against specific targets, they are not suitable for every patient. A qualified oncology team can explain whether targeted treatment is appropriate for an individual cancer.